# List of papers and books to read

* Arlikatti et al 2006, "[Risk area accuracy and hurricane evacuation expectations of coastal residents](https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916505277603)," Environment and Behavior 
  * Only 36% of the respondents correctly identified their risk areas; another 28% were off by one risk area.
* Beddis, R. (1983) Maps and Mapwork -- A practical guide to maps and mapwork in the primary school, Bristol: RLDU
* Blades & Spencer 1986, "Map use by young children", Geography 71:47-52
* Blades & Spencer 1994, "The development of children's ability to use spatial representations," Advances in Child Development and Behavior 25:157-199. Behind paywall; note that previous research includes orienteering research.
* Catling 1988: practical advice on teaching map skills in primary and middle schools
* Catling 1979, "Maps and cognitive maps: the young child's perception," *Geography* 64:288-96
* Catling 1995, "Mapping the environment with children," in M. de Villiers *Developments in Primary Geography*, Sheffield: Geographical Association
* Cornell et al 1994, "Place recognition and way finding by children and adults," Memory & Cognition 22(6):633-643. Describes an algorithm of reversing a route by approaching places of intermediate familiarity. 
* Dalton et al 2019, "Wayfinding as a social activity," Front. Psychol. <https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00142>. This has many good links to research. Findings cited include:
  * Anxiety impairs spatial decision-making during emergency egress
  * Landmarks are more readily recalled when they have a positive emotional association
  * Distinction between locomotion and wayfinding (planning required for efficient and goal-directed navigation)
  * Distinguishes strong/collaborative vs weak/people-as-cues social wayfinding.
* Danos & Norman 2009, "The development of a new taxonomy for graphicacy," in The Design and Technology Association International Research Conference 2009, p. 69-84.
* Daugherty, R. (ed.) (1989) *Geography int he National Curriculum*, Sheffield: Geographical Association
* Evans, G. W., & Pezdek, K. (1980). Cognitive mapping: Knowledge of real-world distance and location information. *Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 6*(1), 13–24. [https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.6.1.13](https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0278-7393.6.1.13)
  * 3 experiments: response time on a relative distance question; spatial memory; map learning.
* Glicksohn 1994, "Rotation, orientation, and cognitive mapping," The American Journal of Psychology 107(1):39-51.&#x20;
* Gould, P. and White, R. (1968) Mental Maps (2nd edition) (London: Allen and Unwin).&#x20;

  Lynch, K. (1960) The Image of the City (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press). Looked at mental maps in LA as a function of social class, ethnicity, etc.
* Hunt and Waller 1999, "Orientation and wayfinding: a review"
* &#x20;Huttenlocher, J., Hedges, L. V., & Duncan, S. (1991). Categories and particulars: Prototype effects in estimating spatial location. *Psychological Review, 98*(3), 352–376. [https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.98.3.352](https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0033-295X.98.3.352)
* &#x20;Lingwood, J., Blades, M., Farran, E. K., Courbois, Y., & Matthews, D. (2015). The development of wayfinding abilities in children: Learning routes with and without landmarks. *Journal of Environmental Psychology, 41,* 74–80. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2014.11.008](https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1016/j.jenvp.2014.11.008)
* Siegel and White 1975, "The development of spatial representations of large-scale environments," Advances in Child Development and Behavior 10:9-55
  * ... Studies of adults' knowledge about their macroenvironment suggest that human “maps” are not literally maps. Rather, they tend to be fragmented, distorted projectively, and are often several multiple “mini-spatial-representations.” ... The development of the sequence of spatial representations in children conforms to the “main sequence” identified in the construction of spatial representation in adults.
* Stevens and Coupe 1978, "Distortions in judged spatial relations," Cognitive Psychology 10(4):422-437. A hierarchical model of spatial information storage.
* Thorndyke 1981, "Distance estimation from cognitive maps," Cognitive Psychology 12(4):526-550
* Thorndyke and Hayes-Roth 1982, "Differences in spatial knowledge acquired from maps and navigation," Cognitive Psychology 14(4):560-89
* Wiegand, *Learning and Teaching with Maps*, Routledge, 2006
* Wilmot, *Graphicacy as a form of communication in the primary school*, thesis for MS degree at Rhodes University, January 2008.